What is GSM?

You likely know the basics of how wireless service works. You dial a number on your phone, which then connects, through a complex wireless network, to another phone with that specific number, and boom — a call is completed. But what do you know about GSM, the advanced technology that powers that phone call? We’re guessing not much, or you wouldn’t be reading this blog. So what is GSM? Let’s dive into the intricacies of this global network technology and explore why it matters in the grand scheme of talking & texting.

What does GSM mean?

GSM stands for “Global Standard for Mobile Communications,” and it’s essentially the technology that powers your mobile phone’s network. It was first implemented in Finland way back in 1991 and now holds over 90% market share.* Most wireless companies operate on a GSM network, including Mint Mobile.

What are the benefits of GSM?

There are a few good reasons why GSM took over as the industry standard in the last 30 years. 

Flexibility

Switching between phones, carriers or SIMs is incredibly simple on a GSM network, allowing you more flexibility over your wireless service. 

Availability

Like we mentioned before, GSM holds 90% market share. With most networks running on GSM technology, most new wireless phones are also GSM-compatible, making it the clear choice for wireless users.

Good for travelers

Speaking of availability, GSM being the predominant wireless technology worldwide makes staying connected while traveling internationally that much easier. Anyone can bring their unlocked GSM phone anywhere in the world, pick up a local SIM card, pop it in and they’re good to go.

Security

Those who prioritize data privacy can rest easy knowing their personal info doesn’t stay on just one network with GSM. 

GSM vs CDMA: What’s the difference?

If you’ve seen GSM discussed in the past, you may have also heard of CDMA. CDMA stands for “Code Division Multiple Access.” It’s a wireless technology that was developed by Qualcomm many years ago. The most notable differences are:

• CDMA has been widely phased out while most major networks & phones run on GSM
• GSM is compatible globally, while CDMA is far more limited, only remaining active in a few countries

GSM offers flexible technology, including the ease of switching with eSIM and physical SIM cards, while CDMA is linked to the phone itself, making switching a far more complicated process

How does GSM work?

Alright, time to really explore the nooks and crannies of how a GSM network fully operates. Hope you got your learnin’ shoes on.

1. It starts with the Mobile Station (MS), which is an incredibly complex piece of battery-powered technology often crafted from assorted metals and glass also known as… your phone. The phone is identified on the GSM network via a SIM, whether it’s an eSIM (a digital SIM embedded full-time in the phone) or a SIM card (a plastic card that holds the SIM and can easily be moved from one GSM phone to another).
2. Next is the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) which handles radio communication from your phone (the MS) to the GSM network towers. The BSS is composed of two parts:
   1. The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which is the cell phone tower. This is what gives the area “coverage.” 
   2. The Base Station Controller (BSC), essentially the brain of the BSS, which manages communication between the BTS (tower) and the Network Switching Subsystem (more on that… right now).
3. Following the BSS is the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS), which handles call routing, subscriber management and overall network intelligence. 
4. Finally, we have the Operation and Support System (OSS), which allows operators to monitor network performance while also helping them troubleshoot service issues and complete routine maintenance. 

GSM also stands for “Gee, you really ought to Switch to Mint”

Not really, but we’re trying to make it a thing. But now that you understand how GSM works and why it’s the way to go with wireless, you may be wondering which GSM network makes the most sense for your wireless needs. Since GSM allows you the flexibility to BYOP (bring your own phone) to Mint Mobile, we figured we’d shoot our shot. And if you need more convincing, we’ve got a whole other page that will help you see why Mint Mobile is the best option for you.

_{*https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/GSM}